Micro-Organisms Isolated from Open Fractures of Extremities

Authors

  • Ronaq Zaman
  • Farah Deeba
  • Arsalan Shah Roghani
  • Faizan Shah Roghani
  • Mohammad Inam

Keywords:

Micro-organisms, open fractures of extremities, Culture, Infection

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of micro-organisms from culture reports of open fractures of extremities.

METHODOLOGY: In this descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the orthopedic surgery department of Lady Reading Hospital in Peshawar, 173 patients with open fractures lasting more than five days were included. The trial lasted for six months. Consecutive non-probability sampling was used. Swabs were collected from the fracture wounds. Swabs were inoculated on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and chocolate agar. Different biochemical tests were used to identify the Micro-organisms.

RESULTS: Analysis of 173 patients' ages revealed that the patients were 18-67 years old, with a mean age of 28.6±3. Analysis of the gender-wise distribution of the 173 patients showed that 92(53.2%) were men and 81(46.8%) were women. Analysis of the distribution of micro-organisms among 173 patients revealed that 45(26%) and 36(20.8%) of them were staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus. Staphylococcus epidermidis were 32 (18.5%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 34(19.7%) and E Coli were 26 (15.02%). The Gustilo classification was used to examine the distribution of fractures among 173 patients. Grade 1 consisted of 31, Grade II consisted of 48, Grade III consisted of 80, Grade IIIB consisted of 8, and Grade IIIC consisted of 6.

CONCLUSION: This study concludes that both staphylococcus aureus were the frequent micro-organisms involved in open fracture infections.

References

Kale AR, Sonawane CS, Waghmare VU, Kalambe H. Open fractures and incidence of infection in tertiary care government hospital. Int J Sci Stud. 2017; 5(5): 24-28.

Bucholz RW, Heckman JD, Court-Brown C, editors. Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.

Beaty JH, Kasser JR, editors. Rockwood and Wilkins' Fractures in Children. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.

Ruedi T, Buckley R, Moran C eds. AO Principles of Fracture Management. New York: Thieme; 2007.

Naeem U, Habibullah S, Amer HK. Common organisms and their sensitivity in open fractures of the Extremities. Pak J Surg. 2012; 28(3): 186-92.

Reddy L, John AS, Sheela D, Syed N, James J. Predebridement wound culture in open fractures does not predict postoperative wound infection: a pilot study. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2015; 6: S63-S68.

Hasan O, Rahim Khan HA, Mustafa SF, Muhammad ZA, Ahmad T. Use of bacterial cultures in open wound fractures: a prospective cohort study. IJS Short Rept.2018; 3: 52-7.

Amit RK, Chandrashekhar SS, Vijay UW, Harshal K. Open fractures and incidence of infection in tertiary care government hospital. Int J Sc Study. 2017; 5(5): 24-29.

Zeb A, Ullah Z, Ullah F, Safder A, Khan Y, Naseem U. Bacterial Spectrum and Antibiotic Sensitivity in open Fractures of the Extremities. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2022; 16(05): 1192.

Carmont MR. The Advanced Trauma Life Support course: a history of its development and review of related literature. Postgrad Med J. 2005; 81(952): 87-91.

Carley S, Driscoll P. Trauma education. Resuscitation. 2001; 48(1): 47-56.

Collicott PE. Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS): past, present, future-16th Stone Lecture, American Trauma Society. J Trauma. 1992; 33(5): 749-753.

Bosch F, Rosich L. The contributions of Paul Ehrlich to pharmacology: a tribute on the occasion of the centenary of his Nobel Prize. Pharmacology. 2008; 82(3): 171-179.

Kindsfater K, Jonassen EA. Osteomyelitis in grade II and III open tibia fractures with late debridement. J Orthop Trauma. 1995; 9(2): 121-127.

Bednar DA, Parikh J. Effect of time delay from injury to primary management on the incidence of deep infection after open fractures of the lower extremities caused by blunt trauma in adults. J Orthop Trauma. 1993; 7(6): 532-5.

Spencer J, Smith A, Woods D. The effect of time delay on infection in open long-bone fractures: a 5-year prospective audit from a district general hospital. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2004; 86(2): 108-112.

Noumi T, Yokoyama K, Ohtsuka H, Nakamura K, Itoman M. Intramedullary nailing for open fractures of the femoral shaft: evaluation of contributing factors on deep infection and nonunion using multivariate analysis. Injury. 2005; 36(9): 1085-1093.

Skaggs DL, Friend L, Alman B, Chambers HG, Schmitz M, Leake B, Kay RM et al. The effect of surgical delay on acute infection following 554 open fractures in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005; 87(1): 8-12.

Arruda LRP, Silva MAC, Malerba FG, Fernandes MC, Turíbio FM, Matsumoto MH. Fraturas expostas: estudo epidemiológico e prospectivo. Acta Ortop Bras. 2009; 17(6): 326-330.

20. Müller SS, Sadenberg T, Pereira GJC, Sadatsune T, Kimura EE, Novelli JLV. Filho Estudo epidemiológico, clínico e microbiológico prospectivo de pacientes portadores de fraturas expostas atendidos em hospital universitário. Acta Ortop Bras. 2003; 11(3): 158-169.

Swanson TV, Szabo RM, Anderson DD. Open hand fractures: prognosis and classification. J Hand Surg Am. 1991; 16(1): 101-107.

Taffinder NJ, McManus IC, Gul Y, Russell RC, Darzi A. Effect of sleep deprivation on surgeons' dexterity on laparoscopy simulator. Lancet. 1998; 352(9135): 1191-1191.

Arnedt JT, Owens J, Crouch M, Stahl J, Carskadon MA. Neurobehavioral performance of residents after heavy night call vs after alcohol ingestion. JAMA. 2005; 294(9): 1025-1033.

Downloads

Published

27-03-2025

How to Cite

1.
Zaman R, Deeba F, Roghani AS, Roghani FS, Inam M. Micro-Organisms Isolated from Open Fractures of Extremities. J Liaq Uni Med Health Sci [Internet]. 2025 Mar. 27 [cited 2025 Apr. 2];24(01):09-12. Available from: http://121.52.154.205/index.php/jlumhs/article/view/1413